![]() DCTclock was impaired in 20% of patients with normal MoCA scores.Ĭonclusion: Using digital technology DCTclock can provide additional sensitive information relating to specific cognitive domains and potentially identify additional subtle cognitive decline compared to standard measures in early stages of PD. DCTclock information processing identified 93.6% of participants classified as having cognitive decline by the MoCA and 89.5% of those with impaired CTT scores with specificity of 53.6% and 77.3% respectively. In trials that include the MoCA, researchers should emphasize scoring rules to assessors and implement independent data checking, especially for clock hands, to maximize accuracy. DCTclock mean score was 42.4☒5.03 (1.9-94.7) with 88% classified as impaired. Discrepancies were typically errors in original scoring, rather than borderline differences in subjective judgement. Mean CTT scores were 66.58☒8.08s and 140.50☖3.72s for CTT1 and CTT2 respectively, with only 50% classified as impaired. The median MoCA score was 24 with 64% showing cognitive decline (MoCA <26). Results: 128 patients with PD (64% males mean age:65.8☙.8, H&Y I-II, mean disease duration 3.6☓.1 years, UPDRS-III 20.5☑0.4 and mean years of education 15.5☒.5) participated in this study. Descriptive analysis was performed to compare the DCTclock with the MOCA, CTT scores. information processing speed) presented as standardized scores, as well as an overall score for performance on the test (range from 0 to 100). pen stroke speed) and cognitive components (e.g. Outcome measures included performance time, motor (e.g. Participants were instructed to draw a clock with the hands pointing at ten past eleven, and then asked to copy a clock showing the same time. Method: Participants underwent a thorough neurological and medical examination, followed by a neuropsychological exam, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Color Trails Test (CTT) and DCTclock. We used the DCTclock test, a digitizing pen that captures the pen position at a rate of 75Hz and analyzes the entire drawing process to measure cognitive processing and motor performance of the clock drawing tasks. Digital technology has the ability to deliver more granulated measures which can improve sensitivity of detecting early cognitive decline in people with PD. Standardized cognitive tests often provide crude information on cognitive impairments. 2010 1 7(10):1236-1248.Objective: To examine the utility of DCTclock, for assessing subtle cognitive impairments in early Parkinson’s disease (PD).īackground: The identification of cognitive decline is crucial for ensuring independence in daily living. EFNS guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s disease. Hort J, O'Brien JT, Gainotti G, et al.Comparison of the Saint Louis University mental status examination and the mini-mental state examination for detecting dementia and mild neurocognitive disorder-a pilot study. Tariq SH, Tumosa N, Chibnall JT, Perry MH, Morley JE.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al.Comparison of the value of Mini-Cog and MMSE screening in the rapid identification of Chinese outpatients with mild cognitive impairment. A systematic evidence review of the signs and symptoms of dementia and brief cognitive tests available in VA. Improving identification of cognitive impairment in primary care. Borson S, Scanlan JM, Watanabe J, et al.Alzheimer’s Association recommendations for operationalizing the detection of cognitive impairment during the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit in a primary care setting. Cordell CB, Borson S, Boustani M, et al.Practice guideline update summary: mild cognitive impairment: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, et al.On the path to 2025: understanding the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Background: Clock drawing is part of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test but may have administration and scoring limitations. Aisen PS, Cummings J, Jack CR Jr, et al.Diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s disease: clinical practice in 2021. Porsteinsson AP, Isaacson RS, Knox S, et al.Clinical features and APOE genotype of pathologically proven early-onset Alzheimer disease. Education: Sex: Date of birth : DATE: Draw CLOCK (Ten past nine).
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